[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/z-historie-pocitacu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/z-historie-pocitacu\/","headline":"Z historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f","name":"Z historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f","description":"Mal\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d je v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00fdto stroj, kter\u00fd je dnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokonal\u00fd, nemohl m\u00edt jednoduch\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Poj\u010fme se na n\u011bj ve zkratce pod\u00edvat.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edstroje, kter\u00e9 se daj\u00ed ozna\u010dit slovem po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, byly ji\u017e d\u00e1vno zn\u00e1my, ale byly tak\u00e9 na hony vzd\u00e1leny t\u011bm dne\u0161n\u00edm. Byly to toti\u017e stroje ur\u010den\u00e9 pouze k\u00a0matematick\u00fdm […]","datePublished":"2021-11-28","dateModified":"2023-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ae18345300f35922a2a7b2caa17564b68acab8514eff939a8a019efde378c24?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4ae18345300f35922a2a7b2caa17564b68acab8514eff939a8a019efde378c24?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"aviga.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/monitor-gb5195d85b_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/monitor-gb5195d85b_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/z-historie-pocitacu\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":374,"articleBody":"Mal\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d je v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00fdto stroj, kter\u00fd je dnes t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokonal\u00fd, nemohl m\u00edt jednoduch\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Poj\u010fme se na n\u011bj ve zkratce pod\u00edvat.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edstroje, kter\u00e9 se daj\u00ed ozna\u010dit slovem po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, byly ji\u017e d\u00e1vno zn\u00e1my, ale byly tak\u00e9 na hony vzd\u00e1leny t\u011bm dne\u0161n\u00edm. Byly to toti\u017e stroje ur\u010den\u00e9 pouze k\u00a0matematick\u00fdm operac\u00edm a zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mechanick\u00e9m principu. Prvn\u00edm je abakus, ten vznikl asi p\u0159ed 5000 lety v\u00a0Babylonii. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly usnad\u0148ovat po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed byla tak\u00e9 desti\u010dka s\u00a0kam\u00ednky, kterou se sv\u00fdch spisech popsal historik Herodotos. Calculli, jak se kam\u00ednk\u016fm latinsky \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, daly pot\u00e9 n\u00e1zev pro dne\u0161n\u00ed kalkula\u010dku. V\u00a0roce 1614 se v\u00a0Anglii objevily prvn\u00ed logaritmick\u00e9 tabulky. Sestavil je John Napier. Za nimi zanedlouho n\u00e1sledovalo tak\u00e9 logaritmick\u00e9 prav\u00edtko, kde jednotliv\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla byla reprezentov\u00e1na vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed dvou bod\u016f na ose.\u00a0Kdybychom se p\u0159enesly k\u00a0prvn\u00edm programovateln\u00fdm stroj\u016fm, narazili bychom na jedno d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. Charles Babbage. Ten ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch nejd\u0159\u00edve zkoumal \u201ediferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj\u201c a n\u00e1sledn\u011b dostal a\u017e k \u201eanalytick\u00e9mu stroji\u201c. Tento analytick\u00fd stroj pracoval s\u00a0d\u011brn\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00edtky a byl poh\u00e1n\u011bn parou. Jeho v\u00fdvoj se ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko nedostal, jeliko\u017e \u0159emesln\u00edk v\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b nedodr\u017eoval po\u017eadavek na p\u0159esnost jednotliv\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f a k\u00a0tomu se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159idaly tak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my Charlese Babbaga. P\u0159\u00edstroje pro hromadn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat se zdokonaluj\u00ed od roku 1890. Jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed tehdy navrhl Herman Hollerith jako usnadn\u011bn\u00ed pro s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v Americe. Od tehdej\u0161\u00ed nult\u00e9 generace jsme se potupn\u011b dostali a\u017e k\u00a0t\u00e9 dne\u0161n\u00ed, \u010dtvrt\u00e9. Na tyto pak je\u0161t\u011b navazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010de. P\u0159\u00edstroje se b\u011bhem let neskute\u010dn\u011b zmen\u0161ily a dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed takov\u00e9 operace, o kter\u00fdch si ty prvn\u00ed mohly nechat pouze zd\u00e1t. Kam ale v\u00fdvoj bude m\u00ed\u0159it d\u00e1l?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.9\/5 - (15 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Z historie po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f","item":"https:\/\/www.aviga.cz\/z-historie-pocitacu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]